Packages for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3
 
Subdirectories
 
3w-9xxx
 - Driver and firmware for the 3ware Escalade 9xxx series.
915resolution
 - A program to change the resolution of an available vbios mode.
a52dec
 - A free library for decoding ATSC A/52 (aka AC-3) streams.
aalib
 - An ASCII art library.
agx-ast-addons
 - GPL Licensed addons to asterisk
alsa-devices
 - devices and makedev helper for alsa-driver.
alsa-driver
 - The Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA) base files.
alsa-lib
 - The Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA) library.
alsa-utils
 - The Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA) utilities.
alsaplayer
 - Audio player for systems using the Advanced Linux Sound Architecture
ampache
 - PHP-Based MP3 Database Web Interface
arc4
 - ARC4 Cipher Algorithm.
arpack
 - A collection of Fortran77 subroutines for solving large scale eigenvalue problems.
asterisk
 - The Open Source Linux PBX.
asterisk-1.2
 - The Open Source Linux PBX.
asterisk-addons
 - Additional addons for Asterisk: the Open Source Linux PBX.
asterisk-addons-1.2
 - Additional addons for Asterisk: the Open Source Linux PBX.
atrpms-package-config
 - Configuration files for package managers.
autonice
 - Automatically lower the priority level of long lived processes.
beecrypt
 - An open source cryptography library.
bk_edit
 - A bookmark editor.
bogofilter
 - Fast Bayesian Spam Filter.
bonnie++
 - Hard drive/filesystem benchmark program.
bristuff
 - Asterisk drivers for BRI
bttv
 - A V4L2 driver for Bt8x8 based video capture cards.
chrpath
 - Modify rpath of compiled programs
clearsilver
 - A HTML template system.
clusterssh
 - x
cmake
 - Cross-platform make system
compartment
 - Confine services in a limited environment.
compat-CGAL
 - Computational Geometry Algorithms Library
compat-libavc1394
 - AV control lib for 1394
compat-libraw1394
 - Library providing low-level IEEE-1394 access
compat-opensp
 - SGML and XML parsing tools.
compat-tcltk
 - Compatibility packages
compat-xorg-x11-modular
 - Mapping XFree86 package dependencies to xorg-x11.
connect-proxy
 - SSH Proxy command helper
cpan2rpm
 - Perl module packager.
cpu
 - Change Password Utility.
cvs2svn
 - CVS to Subversion Repository Converter.
cvsd
 - Chroot wrapper to run cvs pserver more securely
cx88
 - A V4L2 driver for the conexant 2388x chip family.
DCC
 - A clients-server system for collecting checksums of mail messages.
ddclient
 - A client to update host entries on DynDNS like services.
diffstat
 - Statistics based on the output of diff.
directfb
 - Hardware graphics acceleration for the framebuffer device.
dmapi
 - Data Management API runtime environment.
dovecot-1.0.x
 - Dovecot Secure imap server
dovecot-sieve-1.0.x
 - Dovecot Secure imap server
drbd-0.7
 - Distributed Redundant Block Device.
dvdrip
 - Graphical DVD ripping and encoding tool based on transcode
edb
 - Enlightenment DataBase access library.
expat
 - A library for parsing XML.
f2c
 - The f2c Fortran to C/C++ conversion program and static libraries.
faac
 - Freeware Advanced Audio Coder
faad2
 - Library and frontend for decoding MPEG2/4 AAC.
fakeroot
 - Gives a fake root environment.
fapg
 - Fast Audio Playlist Generator
fceultra
 - A portable NES/Famicom emulator.
fcpci
 - Drivers for the Fritz\!Card PCI.
ffmpeg
 - Hyper fast MPEG1/MPEG4/H263/RV and AC3/MPEG audio encoder.
fftw
 - Fast Fourier Transform library.
fftw2
 - Fast Fourier Transform library.
fixsrt
 - Scripts for converting and synchronizing subtitles
flac
 - An encoder/decoder for the Free Lossless Audio Codec.
fltk
 - The Fast Light Toolkit.
forcedeth
 - Ethernet driver for NVIDIA nForce media access controllers.
freeglut
 - A freely licensed alternative to the GLUT library
freenx
 - Proxy system for X11
fsh
 - A tool for fast remote command execution
gd
 - A graphics library.
gdome2
 - DOM level2 library for accessing XML files.
gif2png
 - Tools for converting websites from using GIFs to using PNGs.
glui
 - An OpenGL/GLUT User Interface Library.
gmp
 - A GNU arbitrary precision library.
gnome-alsamixer
 - GNOME mixer interface for the Advanced Linux Sound Architecture
gnormalize
 - An audio converter, a ripper, an encoder, a tag editor and an audio player
gnump3d
 - GNUMP3d is a streaming server for MP3's
gnupg
 - Secure mail and data storage.
gnupg-1.2.x
 - Secure mail and data storage.
gnupg2
 - Secure mail and data storage.
gnuplot-py
 - A Python interface to the gnuplot plotting program.
gnustep-make
 - GNUstep makefile package
gnutls
 - A TLS implementation.
gpa
 - Graphical user interface for GnuPG.
gpgme
 - GnuPG Made Easy.
gq
 - LDAP directory browser and editor.
graphviz
 - Graph Visualization Tools.
greylistd
 - Greylisting daemon.
help2man
 - A tool for generating simple man pages from program output.
hostap-utils
 - Utility programs for Host AP driver for Intersil Prism2/2.5/3.
hostapd
 - Host AP deamon.
hostapd-testing
 - Host AP deamon.
htmldoc
 - Converts HTML source files into indexed HTML, PostScript, and PDF files.
i2c
 - Basic i2c drivers.
icewm
 - Fast and small X11 window manager
id3lib
 - A software library for manipulating ID3v1 and ID3v2 tags.
imlib2
 - Powerful image loading and rendering library.
imwheel
 - A utility to make wheel mice work under X
ipw2100-for-kernel-2.4
 - Intel PRO/Wireless 2100 Driver for Linux.
ivtv-0.1.9
 - An iTVC15/16 and CX23415/16 driver.
ivtv-0.1.x
 - An iTVC15/16 and CX23415/16 driver.
jpeg2ps
 - A converter for JPEG images to compressed PostScript files.
kakasi
 - A Japanese character set conversion filter.
kqemu
 - QEMU Accelerator
lablgtk
 - Objective Caml interface to gtk+
lablgtk1
 - An Objective Caml interface to gtk+
lame
 - A free MP3 codec.
libao
 - Cross Platform Audio Output Library.
libassuan
 - IPC library used by GnuPG.
libavc1394
 - AV control lib for 1394
libcdaudio
 - Control operation of a CD-ROM when playing audio CDs.
libdc1394
 - High level API for IEEE 1394 based cameras.
libdca
 - A free DTS Coherent Acoustics decoder
libdomainkeys
 - DomainKey Implementor's library.
libdv
 - A software codec for DV video, used by most digital camcorders.
libdvdnav
 - DVD Resources for Open Source Development
libdvdread
 - A simple foundation for reading DVD video disks.
libexif
 - EXIF image tag library.
libfame
 - Fast Assembly MPEG Encoding library.
libFoundation
 - A free implementation of OpenStep's Foundation Kit
libgcrypt
 - General-purpose cryptography library.
libghttp
 - GNOME HTTP client library.
libgpg-error
 - A library that defines common error values for all GnuPG components.
libid3tag
 - Library for reading and writing ID3v1 and ID3v2 tags.
libiec61883
 - Streaming library for IEEE1394
libirman
 - A programming library for Irman control.
libksba
 - X.509 and CMS data structures.
libmad
 - MPEG audio decoder library
libobjc-lf2
 - libFoundation fork of the Objective-C runtime library
libogg
 - The Ogg bitstream file format library.
libpri
 - A C implementation of the Primary Rate ISDN specification.
libpri-1.2
 - A C implementation of the Primary Rate ISDN specification.
libPropList
 - Routines for string list handling
libraw1394
 - Library providing low-level IEEE-1394 access
libselinux
 - SELinux library and simple utilities
libsigc++
 - The Typesafe Signal Framework for C++.
libsndfile
 - Library for reading and writing files containing sampled sound.
libspf2
 - An implemenation of the Sender Policy Framework.
libsrs_alt
 - A C implementation of SRS.
libtheora
 - A video codec that builds upon On2's VP3 codec.
libusb
 - A library which allows userspace access to USB devices.
libvorbis
 - The Vorbis General Audio Compression Codec.
libXft-devel-stub
 - Stub for libXft-devel.
linux-dvb
 - Digital Video Broadcast drivers for linux.
lirc-devices
 - devices entries for lirc with static /dev.
live
 - LIVE.COM Streaming Media.
lm_sensors
 - Hardware monitoring tools.
lsdvd
 - Small application for displaying the contents of a DVD
ltmodem
 - A modem driver for Lucent/Agere Winmodems.
lzo
 - A real-time data compression library.
mac
 - Monkey's Audio Codec (MAC) utility and library
madwifi
 - A linux device driver for Atheros chipsets (ar5210, ar5211, ar5212).
madwifi-old
 - A linux device driver for Atheros chipsets (ar5210, ar5211, ar5212).
maildrop
 - Mail delivery agent with filtering abilities
mergelog
 - Fast merging and sorting of web log files.
mikmod
 - A MOD music file player.
misdnuser
 - mISDNuser tools
mmpython
 - Media Metadata for Python.
mod_limitipconn
 - Limit the number of simultaneous downloads per IP address.
mp3splt
 - A Free, command-line AlbumWrapster and mp3wrap file exctractor
mpeg2dec
 - A free MPEG-2 video stream decoder.
mpg123
 - A fast console MPEG Audio Player
neon
 - An HTTP and WebDAV client library
nessus
 - A free, powerful and easy to use remote security scanner.
netcdf
 - network Common Data Form
noip
 - A Linux client for the no-ip.com dynamic DNS service
normalize
 - Tool for adjusting the volume of audio files to a standard level
Numeric
 - A fast, compact, multidimensional array language facility for python.
nuvexport
 - Mythtv nuv video file conversion script
nvidia-graphics
 - Drivers for NVIDIA cards.
nvidia-graphics-beta
 - NVIDIA Linux Display Driver
nvidia-graphics-devices
 - devices entries for nvidia-graphics with static /dev.
nvidia-graphics-helpers
 - Helper scripts for nvidia graphics modules.
nvidia-graphics-legacy-71xx
 - Drivers for NVIDIA cards.
nvidia-graphics-legacy-96xx
 - NVIDIA Linux Display Driver
nvidia-graphics-old
 - Drivers for NVIDIA cards.
ocaml
 - Objective Caml.
openafs
 - OpenAFS distributed filesystem
openct
 - A middleware framework for smart card terminals.
opengroupware
 - A free and open groupware suite
openquicktime
 - A portable library for handling QuickTime media files.
opensc
 - A middleware framework for smart card terminals.
openswan1
 - An implementation of IPSEC & IKE for Linux.
pcsc-lite
 - Middleware for accessing smart cards.
pdfmerge
 - A command line utility program for merging pdf files.
perl-AnyEvent
 - Framework for multiple event loops
perl-Apache-DBI
 - Persistent database connections with Apache/mod_perl
perl-AppConfig
 - Reading configuration files and parsing command line arguments.
perl-Archive-Tar
 - A module for Perl manipulation of .tar files.
perl-Archive-Zip
 - Perl library for accessing Zip archives
perl-Cairo
 - Perl interface to the cairo library
perl-CDDB_get
 - Reads the CDDB entry for an audio CD in your drive
perl-CGI
 - CGI modules for Perl
perl-Chart
 - A series of charting modules.
perl-Class-Inspector
 - Get information about a class and its structure
perl-Class-MethodMaker
 - A module for creating generic methods.
perl-Compress-Zlib
 - A module providing Perl interfaces to the zlib compression library.
perl-Config-IniFiles
 - A module for reading .ini-style configuration files.
perl-Convert-ASN1
 - An ASN.1 Encode/Decode library.
perl-Convert-BinHex
 - extract data from Macintosh BinHex files.
perl-Coro
 - Coroutine process abstraction
perl-Crypt-DES
 - Crypt-DES Perl module
perl-Crypt-OpenSSL-Bignum
 - OpenSSL's multiprecision integer arithmetic.
perl-Crypt-OpenSSL-Random
 - Routines for accessing the OpenSSL pseudo-random number generator.
perl-Crypt-OpenSSL-RSA
 - RSA encoding and decoding, using the openSSL libraries.
perl-Curses
 - Terminal screen handling and optimization for perl.
perl-DateManip
 - Date manipulation routines.
perl-Devel-Symdump
 - A Perl module for inspecting Perl's symbol table
perl-Digest-Nilsimsa
 - Compute Nilsimsa signatures.
perl-Digest-SHA
 - Perl extension for SHA-1/224/256/384/512
perl-Email-Abstract
 - Unified interface to mail representations
perl-Email-Address
 - RFC 2822 Address Parsing and Creation
perl-Email-Date
 - Find and format date headers
perl-Email-Find
 - Email-Find perl module
perl-Email-MessageID
 - Generate world unique message-ids
perl-Email-MIME
 - Easy MIME message parsing
perl-Email-MIME-Attachment-Stripper
 - Strip the attachments from a mail message
perl-Email-MIME-ContentType
 - Parse a MIME Content-Type Header
perl-Email-MIME-Creator
 - Email::MIME constructor for starting anew
perl-Email-MIME-Encodings
 - Unified interface to MIME encoding and decoding
perl-Email-MIME-Modifier
 - Modify Email::MIME Objects Easily
perl-Email-Reply
 - Reply to an email message
perl-Email-Send
 - Module for sending email
perl-Email-Simple
 - Simple parsing of RFC2822 message format and headers
perl-Email-Simple-Creator
 - Email::Simple constructor for starting anew
perl-Email-Valid
 - Email-Valid perl module
perl-Encode
 - Character encodings for perl.
perl-Error
 - Error/exception handling in an OO-ish way
perl-Event-ExecFlow
 - High level API for event-based execution flow control
perl-Event-RPC
 - Event based transparent Client/Server RPC framework
perl-Exporter-Lite
 - Lightweight exporting of variables
perl-ExtUtils-CBuilder
 - Compile and link C code for Perl modules
perl-ExtUtils-Depends
 - Easily build XS extensions that depend on XS extensions
perl-ExtUtils-PkgConfig
 - Simplistic interface to pkg-config
perl-FCGI
 - Fast CGI module.
perl-File-ReadBackwards
 - File::ReadBackwards Perl module
perl-File-Remove
 - Convenience module for removing files and directories
perl-File-Slurp
 - Efficient Reading/Writing of Complete Files
perl-Font-AFM
 - Perl interface to Adobe Font Metrics files
perl-FreezeThaw
 - Convert Perl structures to strings and back
perl-GD
 - Interface to GD.
perl-GD-Graph3d
 - Create 3D Graphs with GD and GD::Graph.
perl-GDGraph
 - Produces charts with GD.
perl-GDTextUtil
 - Text utilities for GD.
perl-Geography-Countries
 - 2-letter, 3-letter, and numerical codes for countries
perl-gettext
 - message handling functions
perl-Glib
 - Perl interface to GLib
perl-Gtk2
 - Perl interface to the 2.x series of the Gimp Toolkit library
perl-Gtk2-Ex-FormFactory
 - Framework for Gtk2 perl applications
perl-HTML-Format
 - HTML formatter modules
perl-HTML-FromText
 - Perl module to Convert plain text to HTML
perl-HTML-LinkExtractor
 - Extract *links* from an HTML document.
perl-HTML-Parser
 - A Perl module for parsing HTML.
perl-HTML-Scrubber
 - Library for scrubbing/sanitizing html
perl-HTML-TableExtract
 - Extracting html table content.
perl-HTML-Tree
 - Build and scan parse-trees of HTML.
perl-HTTP-Cache-Transparent
 - The Perl package HTTP-Cache-Transparent
perl-HTTP-GHTTP
 - A Perl interface to the gnome ghttp library.
perl-Image-Size
 - Determine the size of images in several common formats in Perl
perl-IO-All
 - IO::All Perl module
perl-IO-Socket-SSL
 - Nearly transparent SSL encapsulation for IO::Socket::INET.
perl-IO-String
 - Emulate file interface for in-core strings
perl-IO-stringy
 - I/O on in-core objects.
perl-IO-Zlib
 - IO:: style interface to Compress::Zlib
perl-ldap
 - LDAP services API for Perl programs.
perl-libwww-perl
 - A Perl interface to the World-Wide Web.
perl-Lingua-EN-Numbers-Ordinate
 - Go from cardinal number (3) to ordinal (3rd).
perl-Lingua-Preferred
 - Perl extension to choose a language.
perl-Locale-Hebrew
 - Bidirectional Hebrew support
perl-Log-TraceMessages
 - Log::TraceMessages Perl Module
perl-Mail-Box
 - Manage a mailbox, a folder with messages
perl-Mail-DKIM
 - Signs/verifies Internet mail with DKIM/DomainKey signatures
perl-Mail-DomainKeys
 - DomainKeys implementation for perl.
perl-Mail-IMAPClient
 - An IMAP Client API
perl-Mail-SPF
 - An object-oriented implementation of Sender Policy Framework
perl-Mail-SPF-Query
 - Query Sender Policy Framework.
perl-Mail-Transport-Dbx
 - Parse Outlook Express mailboxes
perl-MailTools
 - Various Mail related modules.
perl-MIME-Base64
 - Encoding and decoding of base64 and quoted-printable strings
perl-MIME-Lite
 - Lightweight MIME generator.
perl-MIME-tools
 - MIME-tools.
perl-MIME-Types
 - MIME types module for Perl
perl-MLDBM
 - Store multi-level hash structure in single level tied hash
perl-Module-Build
 - Build and install Perl modules
perl-Module-Pluggable
 - Automatically give your module the ability to have plugins
perl-MODULE_COMPAT
 - A virtual package modernizing old perl packaging
perl-Net-CIDR-Lite
 - Perl extension for merging IPv4 or IPv6 CIDR addresses.
perl-Net-DNS
 - Net-DNS Perl module.
perl-Net-DNS-Resolver-Programmable
 - Programmable DNS resolver class for offline emulation of DNS
perl-Net-IP
 - Perl module for manipulation of IPv4 and IPv6 addresses
perl-Net-SNMP
 - Net-SNMP Perl module.
perl-NetAddr-IP
 - Manages IPv4 and IPv6 addresses and subnets
perl-Net_SSLeay.pm
 - Perl extension for using OpenSSL.
perl-Object-Realize-Later
 - Delayed creation of objects
perl-Parse-RecDescent
 - Parse-RecDescent Perl module
perl-PatchReader
 - Utilities to read and manipulate patches and CVS.
perl-PathTools
 - Portably perform operations on file names
perl-Pod-Coverage
 - Checks if the documentation of a module is comprehensive
perl-Pod-Escapes
 - Perl module for resolving POD escape sequences
perl-Pod-POM
 - POD Object Model.
perl-Pod-Simple
 - Framework for parsing POD documentation
perl-Return-Value
 - Polymorphic Return Values
perl-RPM-Specfile
 - Perl extension for creating RPM Specfiles.
perl-SOAP-Lite
 - A perl interface to the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP).
perl-Socket6
 - IPv6 related part of the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators
perl-Spiffy
 - Framework for doing object oriented (OO) programming in Perl
perl-Sys-Hostname-Long
 - Try every conceivable way to get full hostname.
perl-Template-GD
 - GD plugin(s) for the Template Toolkit
perl-Template-Toolkit
 - A powerfull and extensible template processing system.
perl-Term-ProgressBar
 - Provides a progress meter on a standard terminal.
perl-TermReadKey
 - A perl module for simple terminal control.
perl-Test-Number-Delta
 - Compare the difference between numbers against a given tolerance
perl-Test-Pod
 - Perl module for checking for POD errors in files
perl-Test-Pod-Coverage
 - Check for pod coverage in your distribution
perl-Test-Simple
 - Basic utilities for writing tests.
perl-Text-Autoformat
 - Automatic and manual text wrapping and reformating.
perl-Text-Kakasi
 - A KAKASI library module for Perl.
perl-Text-Reform
 - Manual text wrapping and reformatting.
perl-Time-Piece
 - Time objects from localtime and gmtime
perl-TimeDate
 - A Perl module for time and date manipulation.
perl-Tk
 - A graphical user interface toolkit for Perl.
perl-Tk-TableMatrix
 - Creating and manipulating tables.
perl-TokeParser-Simple
 - Easy to use HTML::TokeParser interface.
perl-Unicode-String
 - String of Unicode characters (UCS2/UTF16).
perl-Unicode-UTF8simple
 - The Perl package Unicode-UTF8simple
perl-User-Identity
 - Maintains info about a physical person
perl-version
 - Perl extension for Version Objects
perl-Video-Frequencies
 - Perl interface to the Video4linux tuner frequencies.
perl-Video-ivtv
 - Perl modules for ivtv support.
perl-WWW-Mechanize
 - Handy web browsing in a Perl object.
perl-X11-Protocol
 - Perl module for the X Window System Protocol, version 11.
perl-XML-LibXML
 - Perl Binding for libxml2
perl-XML-LibXML-Common
 - Routines and Constants common for XML::LibXML and XML::GDOME.
perl-XML-NamespaceSupport
 - A simple generic namespace support class.
perl-XML-Parser
 - A low level Perl module for parsing XML either via trees or streaming.
perl-XML-RSS
 - Creates and updates RSS files.
perl-XML-SAX
 - Simple API for XML.
perl-XML-SAX-Base
 - Base class SAX Drivers and Filters.
perl-XML-Simple
 - Simple API to maintain XML files.
perl-XML-TreeBuilder
 - Parser that builds a tree of XML::Element objects.
perl-XML-Twig
 - Processing huge XML documents in tree mode.
perl-XML-Writer
 - Perl extension for writing XML documents.
perl-XML-XPath
 - A set of modules for parsing and evaluating XPath statements.
PIL
 - The Python Imaging Library.
portaudio
 - An audio I/O library.
pth
 - The GNU Portable Threads.
Pyrex
 - A compiler/language for writing Python extension modules.
pythonabi
 - Forwards compatibility package for python(abi).
pyxf86config
 - Python wrappers for libxf86config.
pyzor
 - A collaborative, networked system to detect and block spam.
razor-agents
 - A distributed, collaborative, spam detection and filtering network.
readline
 - A library for editing typed command lines.
rpm
 - The RPM package management system.
rrdtool
 - Round robin database.
sa-exim
 - Exim SpamAssassin at SMTP time.
saa7134
 - A V4L/OSS device for saa7130/34 based TV/capture cards.
ScientificPython
 - A collection of scientific oriented python modules
SDL_ttf
 - TrueType Font Library for SDL.
shfs
 - (Secure) SHell FileSystem Linux kernel module.
skencil
 - A vector drawing program.
smpeg
 - SDL MPEG Library.
snes9x
 - Portable, freeware Super Nintendo Entertainment System (TM) emulator
sope
 - SKYRiX Object Publishing Environment
spandsp
 - A library of DSP functions for telephony spans.
spcaview
 - A set of TOOLS for the spca5xx module and others: Spcaview Spcaserv Spcacat
sqlite
 - Library that implements an embeddable SQL database engine
sysfsutils
 - sysfsutils, library interface to sysfs.
taglib
 - Audio Meta-Data Library
tcp_wrappers-devel
 - Wrapper for tcp_wrappers development libraries and headers
torque
 - Tera-scale Open-source Resource and QUEue manager
tv-fonts
 - Bitmap fonts for xawtv.
twisted
 - A framework for writing networked applications.
twolame
 - Optimised MPEG Audio Layer 2 (MP2) encoder
uriparser
 - A URI parsing library
video4linux-20040513-184431
 - Common modules for V4L2 drivers.
video4linux-20040609-095118
 - V4L2 drivers from bytesex.org.
wbxml2
 - WBXML parser and compiler library.
wpa_supplicant
 - Linux WPA/WPA2/IEEE 802.1X Supplicant.
wwwoffle
 - WWW Offline Explorer - Caching Web Proxy Server.
xmlto
 - Converting XML files to various formats.
xmltv
 - A set of utilities to manage your TV viewing.
xmms
 - A multimedia player for X which resembles Winamp.
xmms-arts
 - X MultiMedia System output plugin for the aRts sound system
xosd
 - Transparent On Screen Display.
xvidcore
 - Free reimplementation of the OpenDivX video codec.
zvbi
 - Raw VBI, Teletext and Closed Caption decoding library.
Legend

The packages are categorized according to their stability.

The stable, good and testing packages are enabled by default in apt-get and yum. bleeding packages can be enabled in the respective configuration files, while obsoleted packages are offered only for manual download.


Use the mailing lists or the bug tracking system for comments, bugs and requests about the packages.